AVSD (Atrioventricular Septal Defect)
AVSD Animation
What is an AVSD?
The normal heart has 2 valves in the middle separating the upper chambers (the atria) from the lower chambers (the ventricles). These valves are called the tricuspid and the mitral valve. Some people are born with a single common AV valve in the middle of the heart instead of 2 normal valves. This condition is associated with holes in the heart. The common AV valve may also be leaky.
All types of AVSDs are more common in children with Downs syndrome but can occur in anyone.
Types of AVSD
Primum ASD
Common AV valve and a hole between the 2 upper chambers (atria).
Complete AVSD
Common AV valve and holes between both upper and lower chambers.
Intermediate AVSD
Common AV valve with an atrial hole and a very small ventricular hole.
Symptoms
At birth, most affected babies with either type of defect will have no symptoms. Most babies and children with a primum ASD remain symptom-free.
However, those with complete AVSD or major leaking may become breathless, tire easily, have slow weight gain, and be prone to respiratory infections starting from the first few weeks of life.
Diagnosis
A clinical examination will usually reveal a heart murmur and possibly signs of labored breathing. An echocardiogram will diagnose an AVSD. An ECG and a chest X-ray will also be performed.
Treatment
Timing of treatment depends on the individual case. Some babies may require:
- Diuretic medicines to help with breathlessness.
- Calorie supplements for weight gain.
- Tube feeding if the baby is too breathless to feed.
Surgical Repair
Primum ASD: Surgery is often performed when the child is 2-4 years old. Repair involves a patch placed via open-heart surgery.
Complete AVSD: Usually requires surgery early in life. This may be a single-stage complete repair or a two-stage process starting with a pulmonary artery band if the baby is too small for a full repair.
Expert Surgical Care
Dr Naqvi works with an excellent team of NICOR audited congenital cardiac surgeons.
Prognosis
The outlook for children with AVSD is generally very good. Dr Naqvi says: “Having an AVSD early in life does not stop children doing well in sports or hinder academic achievement later on.”